Forging die



Nov. 3, 1925- F. B. BELL FORGING DIE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March '7, 1919 INVENTOR- F. B. BELL FORGING DIE Nov. 3, 1925- Flled March '7, 1919 3 Sheets-Shut 2 minus Nov. 3, 1925- 1,560,135 F. B. BELL v FORGING DIE Filed March '7, 1919 5 ShectlShut 5 d Z5 25 Q 2] 1 /a WITNESS INVENTOH.

Patented Nov. 3, 1925.

UNITED STATES 7 1,560,135 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK 2B. BELL, or rrrrsnunen, PENNSYLVANTA, ASSIGNOR ro EDGEWATELR. srnnr. COLllIPANY, or nrrsnuncn, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

FORGING DIE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, FRANK B. BELL, a citizen of the United States, residing in Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Forgin Dies, of which the following is a speci cation.

This invention relates in general to the art of forging, and has more particular reference to the forging of heavy bodies in a die press, the purpose of the invention being to permit the forging of large and heavy metal bodies, such, for example, as car wheels, car wheel blanks and the like, through the utilization of a press of relatively low pressure capacity.

A further and highly important object of the invention is the provision of a process and apparatus'for forging car wheels which will permit of the complete formation of the car wheel in the forging press and without requiring reheating of it or a substitution or alteration of the dies.

Another important object of the inven tion is an improvement in the art of forging, which through the provision of an improved process and apparatus which will permit of the formation of large forgings without placing undue or unusual strain within the forged metal structure.

Numerous other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent as it is better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing illustrating a preferred embodiment thereof.

Referring to the drawing,

Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through an apparatus embodying my present invention showing parts in the positions they assume prior to the initial forging operation or step.

Fig. 2 is a similar, view of the pos1t1ons of the parts after the first or initial forgingi operation, and

Fi .3 is also a similar view showing the positions of the parts when the article is completed.

For the'purpose of illustrating my invention I have shown on the drawing parts of the forging press, the entire press not being shown since the invention relates rather to dies and the process of using them. Reference character 10 indicates the bed of the press and reference character 11 a part Application filed March 7, 1919. Serial No. 281,298.

I of the plunger ora member actuated by the plunger. l

The dies shown on the drawing are particularly adapted for the formation of car wheels or car wheel blanks, although it will be manifest as the invention is better understood that dies for-forming other objects can with equal value be constructed embodying my invention and be used in accordance with my improved process.' The resulting product of the dies of the drawings may with equal accuracy be considered finished car wheels or car wheel blanks to be later treated in any desired fashion to finish. There is a lower fixed die 12 resting upon the bed and having a central depression 13 for forming one side of the hub of the car wheel-0r blank, and about which depression is provided an oppositely extending raised part or protuberance 14: for defining one side of the web, beyond which is located a part of the die 15 for forming the rim or felloe. A recess or aperture 16 is provided at the center to receive the mandrel or plug 17 which extends through a perforation previously formed in the blank. The blank 18 is of course given an annular formation and is positioned in the press by threading the perforation 19 over the mandrel or post 17 The upper die is a multi-part die being in the present instance composed of an outer embracing die part 21 and an inner part 22 which is slidably mounted Within an inner recess 23 of the outer die part. The opening 23 extends entirely through the outer die part and the inner die part has part and in position to engage the same when the parts are elevated, so that the outer die part supports the inner die part and the innerdie part has movement through and relatively to the outer die part. The outer die part is in turn supported from a die carrying head and this die part is rigid with respect to this head and always moves with it in action. It may be fastened in the head in any suitable manner, having in the present instance lugs 25 extending out and engaged behind an interrupted flange 26 extending inwardly into a recess 27 in the head. This form of connection generally iswell known and need not it is believed be shown in greater detail. Back of the outer die part is a spacing ring 28 which acts also as a guide for the inner die part by enin a pocket or recess 34: communicating with the opening 27 and has a lower part 35 of the shape and superficial dimensions of the upper face of the inner die part against which it bears. And the upper part extends over the inner edge ofthe ring. A water space 36 is provided above the control member 29 and a cup washer 37 held in place by a holding ring 38 seating in the control member is provided to prevent leakage. The inner die is of course concentric in the present instance with the mandrel 17 and has an opening 39 into which the mandrel may extend in action.

It is intended that during the operation of the dies the inner die shall act in advance of-the lower and with the concentrated pressure of the pre% confined to its operative face, the outer die being inactive in the initial forging step. The inner die is held in the advance or protruding position shown in Fig. 1 by a body of incompressible liquid in the space 36, water being excellent for the purpose. The water is admitted to this reservoir by a passageway 41 communicating with the conduit 42, having a control valve 43 which may be closed to confine the water in the space or reservoir 36, and thus rigidly connect the two dies together during the application of the pressure of the press The blank is first positioned over the mandrel or otherwise suitably centered, and

the press descends forcing the inner die into the material until the parts assume the position shown in Fig. 2, and it will be noted that when the dies are constructed to form car wheels or car wheel blanks, the inner die co-operates with the lower die. to form the hub and web.

After this action ends the valve 43 is opened to release the water within the reser- V011 from the pressure of the press in the next for 'ngoperation. The conduit 42 is preferab y a pipe line under pressure and may be considered an outside source of pressure for the purposes of this invention. This water pressure causes the inner die to hold the center: of the blank in the formed shape it has received during the first forging action of the press, so that the operative power of the press is concentrated in the IlIIl of the wheel oriat the outer part of the forging.

The inner die remains stationary during the second forging step, and the outer die moves down from the position shown in Fig. 2 to center outwardly by successively applied 10- calized forging pressures and the utilization of the earlier acting die or dies to hold the earlier formed parts of the product to the assumed shapes.

Itwill be manifest that the process and apparatus embodying my invention do not require the simultaneous action of the .dies over the entire article. In the second step the inner die holding the central part of the article against change of form directs the flow of the metal under the action of the outer die outwardly into the rim. The relative pressure of the die parts is altered bymanipulation of the valve, the maximum pressure of the press being felt by the inner die part in the first step and the lesser or merely holding pressure being felt by this die in the second step, while the greater press pressure is felt by the outer die part in the second step.

The flow of metal is directed by the dies in such manner that it is displaced from its original location directly to the position finally desired. There need be no flowing'of the metal first in one direction and then back upon itself. This economizes on power and preserves the metal structural qualities.

It is thou ht that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and

and means for varying the'relative pressure of said parts upon the work and a single plunger operating said die parts. 4

2. A multi-part die comprising a plural-' ity of active die parts and means for transmitting the pressure of the press from one part to another and for varying the pressure received and transmitted by said parts to the-work and a singlefplunger operating said die parts.

3. A multi-part diecomprising a plurality of active parts and fluidmeans interposed between said parts for transmittin the pressure of the press from one of sai die parts to another.

4. A multi-part die comprising a plurality of active parts, an outside fluid pressure source and means shifting the pressure on one of said active die parts from the press pressure to said outside fluid pressure.

5. A multi-part die for forging presses comprising an outer die part, an inner die part within said outer die part, said parts being relatively arranged to provide; a reservoir for liquid vertically positioned therebetween, an outside source of liquid under pressure means for first confining liquid in such reservoir and for subsequently maintaining liquid under pressure in said reservoir and controllable means for communicably connecting said reservoir and said outslde source of liquid pressure.

6. An apparatus for forging car wheels,-

which comprises an outer die part, an inner die part, said die parts being arranged to provide a space for liquid between vertically related portions thereof, means for holding said liquid confined to rigidly connect said die parts under the pressure of the press, with the inner die part having a position in advance of the outer die part, said means being releasable to perniit operation of the outer die part without.corresponding movement of the inner die part.

7. An. apparatus for forming car wheels, comprising a die for forming the center portions of the wheel, an outer die part for forming the rim of the wheel; a liquid medium between said die partsholding said first-mentioned part in advance position with respect to said outer die part during the initial forming operation and having an individualized active holding pressure during a subsequent forming operation, said outer die part having a pressure in excess of the pressure of said holding pressure during said subsequent operation.

8. A multi-part die, comprising a plurality of active die parts, one of which is located within another, a fluid chamber between said die parts and means for controlling the fluid pressure in. said chamber.

9. A multi-part die for a forging press, comprising a plurality of active die parts and means for varying the active pressure of said parts upon the work, certain of said parts acting as bending as well as forming 10. A multi-part die for forging car wheels in a forging press, comprising a forging and bending part for forming the hub and web of the car wheel and a forging part for forging the rim, together with means to vary the pressure on said firstmentioned part whereby said, part applies a merely holding but positive pressure on said rim and hub during the formation of the rim.

FRANK B. BELL. 

